3D 印刷時のリスク

毎日 3D プリント 産業レベルと家庭レベルの両方でより広く普及しており、多くのアプリケーションの開発を促進しています。 多数の分野で。メディア レベルでは、テクノロジの利点のみが際立っていますが、講じなければならない特定の予防措置があります。 3D プリントの世界を始める際には考慮してください。

ただし、すべてのユーザーは、3D プリント中に発生する可能性がある特定のリスクを考慮する必要があります。リスクの 2 つの主な原因であり、より一般的なのは、一方では材料の融合中に放出されるガスであり、他方では、3D プリンターの誤用または同じ電子機器の状態の悪さによる発火の可能性があります。

以下に、リスクの主な原因と、重大な問題を回避するための予防措置について詳しく説明します。

放出されるガスと臭い

3D FDM / FFF 印刷で使用されるすべての素材はプラスチックであるか、この素材の一部が含まれています。この時点で、最も一般的な 3 つの PLA、ABS、および HIPS に焦点を当てます。

ABS と HIPS は、3D プリントで非常に広く使用されている 2 つの素材です また、HIPSをサポート材（D-リモネンに溶解）、ABSを基材として組み合わせて使用​​することも非常に一般的です。これら 2 つの材料には、融合中に 大気中に存在する量の 20 倍の量のスチレンが放出されるという欠点があります。 、発がん性になる これらの放出されたガスの長時間の呼吸の場合.

PLA は、どの 3D プリンターでも簡単に印刷できる素材です。 したがって、3D プリント用の既存のすべての材料の中で最も汎用性があります。発生する廃棄物については、ラクチドを放出します 、前述のABSの問題を示さず、人々の健康にも影響しない要素 .

In addition, industrial 3D printers sincorporate the HEPA filter , which is a type of high efficiency air filter that meets high standards. Therefore, if you don't have a closed 3D printer with a HEPA filter, the main recommendation is to keep the place of printing well ventilated (care must be taken with drafts since they cause the dreaded warping and cracking effect in open 3D printers).

Therefore, in domestic environments, it's advisable to print filaments that don't emit odors as long as they comply with the mechanical properties.

Possible fire sources

Image 1:Possible fire sources

At this point we must take into account first of all that 3D printers that don't have the CE mark (European Certificate) don't pass any quality control , something that can become very dangerous in the event of a failure.

Electricity

It must be taken into account that the characteristics of the electrical network to which the 3D printer is connected must be exactly those indicated on the machine:230 Vac, 50Hz. In addition, attention should be paid to where the 3D printer connects. If it's fed from a terminal strip with more consumers, it can cause fuses to blow or the protections of the installation to skip. Therefore, the characteristics of the line must be checked before connection . When cleaning the 3D printer, always disconnect the 3D printer from the electrical outlets to avoid accidental contacts.

Electronics

The use of quality electronic components , as well as cables with the appropriate section is crucial to avoid excess temperatures that can lead to the fire of the 3D printer itself and this, in turn, of everything that is around it. Another possible problem that can also cause a fire is that the temperature sensor comes out of its housing and the heating cartridge raises its temperature to the maximum, melting the elements that are around it and can cause fire.

Hot parts

Sometimes by inertia or forgetfulness you tend to put your hand inside the 3D printer while it's still hot, which can cause severe burns to the skin . We mustn't forget that the operation of a 3D printer is based on the principle of polymer melting, which implies a high temperature in the heating elements.

In addition, the fact that the 3D printer is switched off or unplugged after finishing an impression doesn't imply that the heating elements are cold, so it shouldn't be touched until enough time has passed.

Mobile parts

For the movement of the 3 axes, as well as that of the 2 extruders, electrical motors are used step by step with high torque. When you put your fingers or your hand in the areas of the shafts, spindles and belts, it can cause entrapments, bruises and wounds , as well as burns due to the heat dissipated by the motors. Therefore, we must be very careful when entering the hand inside the 3D printer , and should only be done if strictly necessary, and to be able to be with security measures to prevent further damage in the event of an accident.

Fixing spray

When applying the base fixative spray (3DLac, DimaFix or PrintaFix) it must be done outside the 3D printer since they are highly inflammable products that in contact with high temperatures or residual electric currents can cause a flame. Although it seems incredible, there have already been more than one case where a house is burned or something worse because of the wrong process.

Our particular recommendation is that at all times you have proof (especially when you have a 3D printer in a domestic environment), that this isn't a "toy", and that its operation carries associated risks. It's always better to have 3D printers with CE marking that have a closed housing and HEPA filter, and if possible in ventilated places.